Journal: BMC Microbiology
Article Title: Inhibitory efficacy, production dynamics, and characterization of postbiotics of lactic acid bacteria
doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04123-z
Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition zone of untreated cell-free supernatants from LAB strains incubated for 16 and 24 h. The substances'antimicrobial activity was determined when they were exposed to pathogens of E. coli ATCC 25922 ( a ), Staph. aureus ATCC 43300 ( b ), Salm. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 ( c ), Sh. sonnei ATCC 25931 ( d ), Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 ( e ), and B. cereus ATCC 14579 ( f ). The error bars indicate the standard error of the mean ( n = 3). CFS, Cell-free supernatant. a - c Represents statistically significant differences among different CFS of LAB strains exposed to respective pathogens tested for 16 h ( n = 3, p < 0.05, Duncan’s test). x – z Represents statistically significant differences among different CFS of LAB strains exposed to respective pathogens tested for 24 h. ( n = 3, p < 0.05, Duncan’s test). LP, CFS obtained from L. plantarum NBRC 3070; LA, CFS obtained from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356; LC, CFS obtained from L. casei ATCC 393; LGG, CFS obtained from L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, and BAL, CFS obtained from B. animalis subsp . lactis ATCC 27673
Article Snippet: The GC–MS of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in lyophilized cell-free supernatant (cCFS) of L. casei ATCC 393 ( a ), L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 ( b ), B. animalis subsp. lactis ATCC 27673 ( c ), L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 ( d ), and L. plantarum NBRC 3070 ( e )
Techniques: Inhibition, Incubation, Activity Assay